C7.1 Development of Music Notes and examples

 1.

Renaissance lute

John Dowland

Flow My Tears

Used Harmonic Minor

6 double courses and one single course

Came back from the Crusades: El'Oud

12 BAR BLUES

C/// C/// F/// C////

F/// F/// C/// C///

G/// F/// C/// C///

Uses I IV and V

also uses the Dominant 7th to add bit of spice/Jazziness and a blue note form the Blues/Pentatonic scale

Sister Rosetta Tharpe - Stand By Me Lord

R&B and SOUL

Soul Stirrers - 1955 adds in a minor 6th, eg. C, Am, F, G - beginning/similar to a 4-chord turnaround indicated by the major relative minor Vamp in the verses

C= CEG

Am = ACE

One-note difference; easy to go to the relative minor.

Use Roman Numerals for Chords

Use Arabic numbers for notes

J.S.BACH 

Arpeggiated Chords

Improvising around chord sequences

Tension and release

Jazz development and influence

Bluegrass - folk + Jazz impro

BANJO - A culturally Loaded instrument?

Beyoncé - Politically loaded music?

Dolly Parton colab, Rhiannon Giddons colab.

Slavery, Imperialism, Minstrel Shows, Cab Calloway rejection of the Banjo:

Johnny Cash Film Link

INTO THE 60's

Phil Spector - legendary (Toxic) producer: 'Wall of Sound'

https://youtu.be/e-dr1PZZMds?si=D3MvIu4h7uZ0LYO0

The Ronettes - Be My Baby

Note: the bass drum/ tambourine part

The circle of fifths in the second half of the verse

The Doo-wop 4-chord turnaround in the Chorus

The Hair and eye makeup...

 

Amy Winehouse - Back to Black, with Mark Ronson, Retro 60's pop in the 00's

https://youtu.be/TJAfLE39ZZ8?si=ge3-Fukb3wOEScvm

Note: the Hair and eye makeup...

The four-chord turnaround

The difference in the Bridge: the Dominant 7th Chord

The almost monotone melody over the harmony

The Percussion!!

Types of Reverb:

Tape (Reel-to-reel - Space Echo) 50's early 60's

Chamber (Capitol) 40's - 50's Frank Sinatra

Plate 50's - 70's (voice, Horns)

Spring (Fender) 60's

80's Digital Delay/Analogue Bucket Brigade (Memory Man)

Impulse Convolution  - 00's

DISTORTION

Mid- late fuzz pedals in the 60's

Hendrix and Electro-Harmonix

Slashed speakers - Ike Turner, Rocket 88, combo fell off the station wagon at SUN recording session.

Independent Record Labels - 50's-60's

Chess, Chicago

Little Walter (Harmonica through hi impedance Mic into a Tube Amp)

Muddy Waters

Howling Wolf

Chuck Berry - Roack and Roll

Etta James

SUN - Memphis

Elvis

Jerry Lee 'Monster' Lewis

Roy Orbinson

Johnny Cash

'Million Dollar Quartet'

Atlantic

Ray Charles

Aretha Franklin

Post MLK tours, teenage jazz work

Full rock and roll Gospel mode with killer piano

Last performance

Led Zepellin

Motown - Hitsville USA, Detroit

Tamla

The Supremes with Diana Ross
The Temptations
Smokey Robinson & The Miracles
The Four Tops
The Jackson 5 (including Michael Jackson)
Martha Reeves and the Vandellas
Gladys Knight & the Pips
The Commodores (featuring Lionel Richie)
The Isley Brothers
Stevie Wonder
Marvin Gaye
Diana Ross (solo career)
Lionel Richie
Mary Wells
Edwin Starr
House band - The Funk Brothers, James Jamerson, Bassist

STAX - Soulsville USA, Memphis

Sam & Dave
The Staple Singers:
The Bar-Kays

House Bands - Booker T. & the M.G.'s, The Mar-Keys

Otis Reading
David Porter
Isaac Hayes
Rufus and Carla Thomas
Albert King
Delaney and Bonnie

Dylan - motorcycle accident, The Band, Bootlegs, Music from the Big Pink

West Coast - sound

Buffalo Springfield

The Byrds

Neil Young, Joni Mitchell - Canadians moved down

CSNY - supergroup
appeared at Woodstock 1969

Larel Canyon, LA santa Monica Mountain scene

Charles Manson - serial killer, the LA Canyon's

Technology

Hendrix - The Strat, popularised after Buddy Holly, The Shadows...

Electroharmonix - effects Pedals and saturated distortion, Wah etc, Dunlop Cry Baby, Fuzz Face...

Counterculture

Counter-intel Programme (Through a Mirror Darkly, Ken Casey, One flew in through the Cuckoo's Nest)

Harry Belafonte and CIA assets (National TV show in 1968)

MLK assassination 1968

Altamont deaths - Gimme Shelter, Darkness 1969

Death of Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Brian Jones, 69/70 (age of 27)

Freedom of the late sixties dissolved into Selfish Hedonism of the seventies

Counterculture turned to religion and spirituality - revivals in early-mid 70's

Development of the PA - Technology

post Beatles experience at Shea Stadium, - why the beatles gave up playing live

Bob Pridden pioneer of on-stage sound monitors - The Who

Pete Townsend worked with Jim Marshall

The sound systems owned by bands used for all the events:

Chalie Watkins - WEM

HH

LED ZEPPELIN, STONES - 70's birth of Stadium Rock. The Sound systems and audience was there to start to play stadia.

70's SOUND AND VISION

Tony Visconti

Producer

The Berlin Trilogy

LOW, Heroes, The Lodger

Hans Zimmer

Brian Eno (Roxy Music) - LOW, side B: BEGINNINGS OF AMBIENT MUSIC

AMBIENT1: MUSIC FOR AIRPORTS

Bowie - A life as a multidisciplinary artwork

Bowie was his own Canvas - Aladdin Sane, Ziggy Stardust

Theatre training: Art Rock

Queer Culture

Gender 

Subculture -leading to Punk

TECHNOLOGY

The Moog Synthesiser - Hans Zimmer, played piano on remix of Space Oddity (Visconti, 1979); later uses Moog and samplers in many film scores

David Bowie used an EMS, and ARP synthesiser (played mostly by Brian Eno) on LOW

Space Oddity - original used a stylophone!

Many small, valuable synths made by small companies.

Roland Jupiter Jupiter-4: Released in 1978 as Roland's first polyphonic synthesiser.

(See 1965 Ace Tone)

Roland Juno Juno-6: Released in May 1982 as an affordable, single-oscillator polyphonic synth

ANALISE
SPACE ODDITTY

MID SEVENTIES - RISE OF PUNK AND REGGAE

Last Prophets. Gil Scott Heron - Godfather of Rap

Linton Kwesi Johnson - Windrush Generation poet

John Agar

Sugar Hill Gang/Chic

Hiphop/Disco

Sha Rock

Punk NY v UK Scene

NY - CBGB's, Iggy Pop, NY Dolls, 

DIY - Spiral Scratch - The Buzzcocks

Rough Trade Indie Records see 'the story of Rough Trade'

Factory Records - Manchester 

Malcolm McLaren, Vivian Westwood - Sex Boutique - Sex Pistols

The Clash - London Calling, Politics v Nihilism

REGGAE

This is a great genre to look at examples of rhythm in 4/4 time.

A classic Drum part will swing the hi-hat and has the Kick and snare on BEAT THREE - which sounds weird in principle, but WORKS with the space - the bass occupies the ONE.

The Bass will feature Syncopation

Will often use Triplets

as part of its' ostinato - 'Repeated pattern' based around a couple of minor chords or a turnaround (Am - Dm) i-iv

The guitar will do 'stabs' on the two and four, sometimes with a ghost note.

The Hammond B3 Organ (see logic plug in) 'bubbles' with the on and off beats

 Melody: A synth lead line or guitar solo (Chris Blackwell's Wailers only!) will likely use an A minor pentonic scale.  A,C,D,E,G

My Example: Reggae Example